Study | Every Things About Gangapur, Sawai Madhopur

I Introduction

Gangapur is the headquarters of the sub-division, tehsil and panchayat samiti of the same name. It is situated north-east of Sawai Madhopur in 26^0-28’ north latitude and 76⁰44’ east longitude and is linked with it both by rail (64 km.) and road (85 km.). It is an important commercial mart on the Bombay-Delhi broad gauge line of the Western Railway. The place is well connected with Karauli, Bamanwas, Nadauti, Kailadevi and Jaipur (via Lalsot) by road.

The town is said to have been named Gangapur after Gangaram, its founder; but people also believe that it was named after the famous deity Gangaji. It had been an important railway station in the British period. It was known for its Loco Workshop and Wagon Repair Factory.

There are many temples in the town, of which the more important ones are those of Kalyanji, Sitaramji, Balaji, Gangaji, Ramdevji and Badrinathji. Besides these, there are Jain temples, a Gurudwara, a church and some mosques.

II. Area and Population

Gangapur city is spread over an area of 3.45 sq.km. (1991 Census) and inhabited by 53,689 persons (1991 census), giving thereby a density of 15,562 persons per sq.km. The urban density in the state of Rajasthan was 2070 persons in 1991 and in the country as a whole (All-India excluding Jammu & Kashmir) was 3377 persons (Table-9.I). It is, therefore, observed that Gangapur has a much higher density when compared to urban density of Rajasthan or the country as a whole. The density of Gangapur is about 4.6 times the All India (Urban) average and 7.5 times to the density of Rajasthan (Urban).

III. Growth of Population

Gangapur’s population had increased about 3.8 times during the period of 40 years from 1951-91. Looking at decadal growth rates given in Table-9.I, it may be seen that the peak in growth rates (60.47%) was observed during the decade 1951-

Table –9.1: Area, Growth of Population (1951-71)

Sl. No.	Name of Town/ State/All India	Population
Sl. No.	Name of Town/ State/All India	1951	1961	1971
1.	Gangapur City (M) *	14,078	22,591 (+60.47)	27,453 (+21.52)
2.	Rajasthan+ (Urban)	2,955,275	3,281,478(+11.04)	4,543,761 (+38.47)
3.	All India ^@+(Urban)	61,986,496	78,343,288(+26.39)	108,255,756(+38.18)

Source: ^*Census of India-1991, Series I – India Part IIA(ii) A series Towns and Urban Agglomeration 1991 with their population 1901-1991

+Census of India, 1991 Series I –Final Population Totals – Paper 2 of 1992 ,.

⁺⁺Census of India 1991 – Series I – Part IIB(i) – Vol.II – Primary Census Abstract General Population.

^@+Excludes the figure of J&K from 1951 to 1991 where census was not conducted in 1991, also excludes the figures of Assam of 1981 where census was not held in 1981.

Note: Figures in brackets indicate decadal growth (%) in population.

61 and the lowest (21.52%) during the decade 1961-71. The population of Gangapur grew at a lesser rate during 1961-71 and 1981-91. However, the growth rate was quite high (47.19%) during 1971-81.

The figures given in Table-9.1 show that the decadal growth rate of Rajasthan’s urban population was lowest (11.04%) during 1951-61 whereas it was highest (60.47%) in Gangapur during this period. Gangapur’s decadal growth rate has always been lower than that of Rajasthan and country as a whole except during the decade 1951-61 when Gangapur had a higher growth rate than Rajasthan and country as a whole and in 1971-81 when Gangapur had a higher growth rate than country as a whole. The decadal growth rate of population of Rajasthan was always slightly higher than the growth rate of the country as a whole after 1961.

IV. Literacy

In Gangapur City, as per the 1991 Census, 29,027 persons or about 67% of the people in the age group of seven and above, are literates. Thus the literate rate in Gangapur is lower than the All India average of 73% and higher than the state’s average of 65% (Table-9.2).

Table – 9.2: Literacy (1991)

Sl. No.	City/State	Urban Population in the age group of 7 and above	No. of literates in the age group of 7 and above	Percentage of Literates (col. 4/3)
1.	Gangapur City^@(M)	43,208	29,027	67.18
2.	Rajasthan (Urban) *	8,220,730	5,370,395	65.33
3.	All India (Urban) Excluding J&K	182,178,769	133,140,330	73.08

Source: * Census of India, 1991 Series-I, Paper 2 of 1992 – Final Population totals

^@ District Census Hand Book – Sawai Madhopur, Census of India, 1991

V. School Education

(i) Primary School

In Gangapur City, there are, as in the year 2001, in all 24 primary schools with a total of 2393 students. It may be seen from the figures given in Table 9.3 that the number of private schools is more than double the number of government schools. The number of students in private schools is observed to be more than 1.56 times the number in government schools. These statistics indicates that the private sector is playing an important role in primary education in Gangapur city. The average number of students per school works out to about 86 students in case of private schools and 133 in case of government schools.

Table – 9.3: Details of Primary Schools in Gangapur City – 2000-2001

Sl. No.	Status	No. of Schools	No. of students	No. of teachers	No. of schools per sq. km.)	No. of students per school	Student- Teacher ratio	Popul- ation served by a school
1.	Govt.	7	934	41	2.03	133	23	7670
2.	Private^@	17	1459	NA	4.93	86	NA	3158
Total		24	2393	41	6.96	100	58	2237

Source: Office of the Dy. Education Officer, Gangapur City

^@Data obtained from the concerned colleges

Note : NA – Not available

The average number of students per teacher (student – teacher ratio) is 23 in case of government schools. The standard norm for average number of students (as per Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) per teacher is 40. This means the student-teacher ratio is satisfactory in government schools.

In relation to area, there are in all about 6.96 schools per sq.km. The corresponding figures for private schools and government schools are 4.93 and 2.03 respectively. The standard norm is that there should be one school within every kilometer of any habitation. It is, therefore, clear that in Gangapur city, the standard norm is being met by both private and government schools. With regard to availability of schools in relation to population, it is seen that on an average there is one school for a population of 2237 persons (based on 1991 population). The corresponding figures for private schools and government schools are 3158 and 7670 persons. Assuming a standard norm of one primary school for every 5000 population, the scenario with regard to the adequacy of primary schools in relation to population can be termed as satisfactory, though it is unsatisfactory in case of government schools.

If the adequacy of number of schools is examined in terms of population in the age group of 7 and above which is 43,208 persons (1991 census), then the scenario emerges to be a better one. In case of Gangapur, the figure works out to 1800 persons.

ii) Middle School

Middle schools number 46 in Gangapur city out of which 6 belong to government and 40 to private sector, thereby indicating that the number of private schools is more than 6 times the number in the government sector. Figures in Table-9.4 indicate that the number of teachers in government middle schools is 48. As regards students, private schools have 5 times the strength in government schools. It is, thus clear that in providing middle school education also, private sector outweighs the government sector. The average number of students in a private school works out to 196 students and in a government school, the figure is 238 students.

Table –9.4: Details of Middle Schools in Gangapur City – 2000-2001

Sl. No.	Status	No. of Schools	No. of students	No. of teachers	No. of schools per sq. km.)	No. of students per school	Student- Teacher ratio	Popul- ation served by a school
1.	Govt.	6	1426	48	1.74	238	30	8948
2.	Private	40	7853	NA	11.59	196	NA	1342
Total		46	9279	48	13.33	202	193	1167

Source: Office of the Education Officer, Swai Madhopur

Government middle schools in Gangapur city have on an average about 30 students per teacher, whereas the corresponding figure for private schools could not be derived as the number of teachers in private schools is not available.

It is seen that the student-teacher ratio in government primary schools and government middle schools meet the standard norm of 40 students per teacher (as per Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan).

Gangapur city has, when all the schools are taken together, 13.33 middle schools per sq.km. of area, which can be termed as highly satisfactory. It has to be noted that Gangapur city has a satisfactory position with regard to adequacy of middle schools because much of the requirements of middle schools is being met by the private sector. If private schools are excluded, the number of schools per sq.km. reduces to about 1.74. In case of private schools, the number of schools per sq.km. is observed to be 11.59 which is more than six times the figure for government schools.

The availability of middle schools in relation to population works out to one school for every 1167 persons, which can be considered as very good, if a norm of 10,000 persons for one school is accepted. If the adequacy of middle schools is analysed in relation to the population in the age group of 7 and above, the number of persons per school works out to 939. Of course, here also the important role being played by the private schools cannot be brushed aside. If the private schools are excluded, then the number of persons per school works out to 8948 persons, when the ratio is worked out in relation to total population. When the ratio is calculated with reference to the population in the age group of 7 and above, the figure comes to 7201 persons.

iii) Secondary/Senior Secondary School

There are in all 9 secondary/senior secondary schools in Gangapur city, out of which 3 belong to government and 6 to private sector, giving an average of about 2.61 schools per sq.km. of area. The number of secondary/senior secondary schools seems to be adequate in relation to area of the city. The number of students in private schools is 1.91 times the number in government schools and the number of teachers in private schools is also 1.95 times the number in government schools. These statistics indicate that the private sector is occupying a better position in school education. In the private sector, the average number of students per school is 1521 and the corresponding figure for government sector is 1593 as shown in Table-9.5.

Table –9.5: Details of Secondary/Senior Secondary Schools in Gangapur City – 2000-2001

Sl. No.	Status	No. of Schools	No. of students	No. of teachers	No. of schools per sq. km.)	No. of students per school	Student- Teacher ratio	Popul- ation served by a school
1.	Govt.*	3	4778	187	0.87	1593	26	17896
2.	Private^@	6	9123	209	1.74	1521	44	8948
Total		9	13901	396	2.61	1545	35	5965

Source: * Office of the Dy. Education Officer,Gangapur City

^@Data obtained from concerned schools.

Private secondary and senior secondary schools have an average of 44 students per teacher, whereas the corresponding figure for the government schools is 26 students, which shows that the position in the government sector is better. When the overall picture (govt. + private) is analysed, it is seen that there are 35 students per teacher.

In Gangapur, there is one secondary/senior secondary school for every 5965 persons. The corresponding figures separately for govt. sector and private sector work out to 17896 and 8948 persons respectively.

On the basis of population in the age group of 7 and above, the overall average comes to 4801 persons and the corresponding figures separately for government schools and private schools are 14403 persons and 7201 persons.

From the foregoing analysis of school education, it seems Gangapur has adequate number of schools in relation to area and population, at all levels of school education. There is no doubt that private sector is playing an active role in providing school education in Gangapur city. However, the number of government primary schools and government secondary and senior secondary schools in relation to population are inadequate.

VI. College Education

1. General Education

In Gangapur city, there are 3 colleges for general education, out of which one is a government one and two are private. The strength of teachers and students in these colleges can be seen in Table-9.6.

It may be seen from Table-9.6 that in Gangapur city the number of teachers in private colleges, even though their number is double, is observed to be lesser than the number of teachers in government college. With regard to number of students, the figure is slightly higher in government college. The average number of students per college works out to about 1143 in case of government college and 552 in case of private colleges and 749 for government and private colleges taken together.

When all the colleges (government and private) are taken together there is on an average, one college for a population of 17896 in Gangapur city (Table-9.6). If only government college is considered the average population served by a college is 53,689. For private colleges, the corresponding figure is 26,845.

Table –9.6: Details of Colleges for General Education in Gangapur City –

2000-2001

Sl. No.	Status	No. of Colleges	No. of students	No. of teachers	Average no. of students per college	Average population served per college (based on 1991 pop.)	Average no. of students per teacher
1.	Govt.	1	1143	33	1143	53689	35
2.	Private	2	1104	23	552	26845	48
Total		3	2247	56	749	17896	40

Source: Data obtained from the concerned colleges

Turning to student-teacher ratio (Table-9.6), it is seen that the situation in government college is better than the one prevailing in private colleges. The private colleges are on an average having one teacher for every 48 students, but in government colleges the average number of students per teacher is only 35. The reason is perhaps the private colleges may be self-financing and therefore, cannot afford to employ more teachers, as that would result in charging higher fees. Taking together the private and government colleges, the average number of students per teacher works out to 40.

2. Professional Colleges

In Gangapur city, there is neither an engineering college nor a medical college. It is also not served by any Polytechnic or college for vocational education. There is only one private women (B.Ed) college for professional education. The number of students in this college is 60 and the number of teachers is only 6. The number of students per teacher works out to about 10. (Table-9.7). There is no university within the municipal limits of Gangapur City.

Table 9.7 : List of technical / Medical / Professional Colleges / Institution in Gangapur City 2000-2001

Sl.No..	Name of College	Type of Manage-ment	No. of Teachers	No. of Students	Average No. of students per Teacher
1.	Women College for Professional Education (B.Ed)	Private	6	60	10
2.	Polytechnic	NA	NA	NA	NA
3.	College for Technical/ Education/EngineeringCollege	NA	NA	NA	NA
4.	Medical College	NA	NA	NA	NA
5.	College for Vocational Education	NA	NA	NA	NA

Source : Aggarwal Mahila college, Gangapur City

VII. Medical Facilities (Allopathy)

1. Government General Hospital

Gangapur city has one government general hospital with 9 doctors and 62 beds (Table-9.8). In this hospital, there is a doctor for every 7 beds. The average population (based on 1991 population) served by this hospital doctor works out to about 5965 and the number of hospital beds per 1000 population works out to about 1.15.

2. Private General Hospital and Medical Institutions

There is no agency which collects and compile data relating to private medical institutions. However, during survey some information was provided by the concerned hospitals. As per the information as shown in Table-9.8, there are 5 private medical institutions (which include 2 general hospitals, 2 nursing homes and 1 maternity home) with 64 beds and 8 doctos. In these hospitals, there is a doctor for every 8 beds.

The total number of (government + private) hospitals in Gangapur comes to 6 with 126 beds and 17 doctors. The average number of beds per doctor comes to 7.4. The average population (based on 1991 population) served by one hospital doctor works out to about 3158, the number of hospitals beds per 1000 population works out to 2.35.

Table – 9.8:Hospitals and Dispensaries (Allopathy) in Gangapur City 2000-2001

Sl.No.	Hospital / Nursing Home/Maternity Home	No. of Hospitals	No. of Doctors	No. of Beds	Average No. of beds per doctor
1.	Govt. General Hospital	1	9	62	7
2.	Private Hospitals/Nursing Homes/ Maternity Homes	5	8	64	8
Total		6	17	126	7

Source : Medical & Health Block Office, – Gangapur City

Dispensary is a lower level of medical facility and every town is expected to have dispensaries. Gangapur city has no dispensary. However, there are two private clinics and each one has one doctor. There is no bed in these clinics. According to the information available, there are 16 registered medical practitioners (Allopathy) in Gangapur city.

VIII. Public Parks and Playgrounds

As per the information made available by the Gangapur municipality, the city has no public parks or playgrounds owned by Central Government, State Government or any private agency. However, the city has 4 parks owned and maintained by the municipality. The total area occupied by these parks is not available. Assuming a minimum of 10 sq.m. per person for public parks and playgrounds, the minimum area required for public parks and playgrounds in Gangapur city works out to 536890 sq. metres or above 0.54 sq.km.. This works out to about 15.65% of the total area of the city. This means the area of the city needs to be increased to have more area allocated for parks and playgrounds. The average population served by one park works out to 13422 persons (based on 1991 population).

Parks and playgrounds/open spaces should be well spread out throughout the city and not concentrated in a few areas. A satisfactory norm would be to have a park for every 10000 population, which means the city should have atleast 5 parks and playgrounds. The city has, however only 4 parks. Today, the city has an average one park for every 13422 persons.

Maintenance of Parks and Playgrounds

In case of Gangapur, there are only 4 parks which are owned and maintained by the municipality. Though it has been reported that there is periodic and proper maintenance of these parks, it is doubtful whether the municipality is able to maintain all the 4 parks well, as the municipality may not have sufficient funds.

IX. Sanitation

1. Field Staff, Vehicles and Garbage Bins

In case of Gangapur, as is generally the case in respect of other cities and towns also, the responsibility of street cleaning and garbage clearance rests with the municipality. The relevant statistics pertaining to sanitation work are furnished below (Table-9.9).

Table 9.9 : Sanitation Facilities in Gangapur City -2000-2001

Sl.

No.

Item

No. of Sanitation workers/Garbage

Bins/TrucksNo. per sq.km. of area of Gangapur (based on 1991 area)Average pop. per worker/bin vehicle (based on 1991 population1.Field staff for sanitation work

132

407

2.No. of garbage bins

3.No. of garbage trucks/ vehicles

Source : Gangapur Municipality

1.45

10738

Assuming a per capita generation of 250 gms. or ¼ kg. of garbage per day, the total garbage generated in the city every day works out to about 13422 kg. As per the information made available, the municipality has hired 5 garbage trucks to transport garbage. Assuming that on an average a truck can carry about 3000 kg. of garbage and can atleast make 2 trips a day, it can be easily concluded that the municipality has adequate number of trucks to transport garbage to the landfill area.

It is reported that there are 132 sanitation workers. Assuming that a minimum of 25 workers for every sq.km. of area the city is required for sanitation work, the city requires atleast 86 workers. Since the city is already having 132 workers, it can be said that there is no shortage of manpower for sanitation work in the city.

It seems it can be safely assumed that there should be 20 garbage dumps (bins) in a sq.km. of area. The data pertaining to garbage bins in the city is not available. Hence, no analysis has been done.

2. Frequency of Street Cleaning and Garbage Clearance

It has been reported that street cleaning is being done once a day and garbage clearance is being done twice a day. Since Gangapur city does not seem to have shortage of manpower for sanitation work, the information given by the Municipality with regard to street-cleaning and garbage clearance can be relied upon.

Every Things About Gangapur, Sawai Madhopur

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